Expert Witness Services

K9 Expert Witness Testimony

Court-qualified testimony on police service dog training, deployment and use of force, backed by nearly 50 years of selecting, training and supplying working dogs to law enforcement.

75+Cases retained
7States court qualified
500+Agencies supplied with dogs
1984First state recognized canine course

Why Adlerhorst

Setting the Standard for Police Service Dogs

Adlerhorst has been retained in over 75 cases. Not every case goes to trial, but every case presented to a jury has resulted in a verdict in our favor, in both civil and criminal matters.

Because of that record, court challenges have decreased over the years. Under Michael Reaver, Adlerhorst remains active in representing police service dogs as a positive asset to law enforcement and our communities.

  • First to import dogs with comprehensive prior training, reducing training time from several months to 4 to 6 weeks. Now the industry standard.
  • First comprehensive written standard for entry level and recertification of police service dogs.
  • Wrote the first state recognized canine course, adopted by Peace Officer Standards and Training in 1984 and still in place today.
  • The first to be retained as an expert in the use and training of police service dogs.
  • Perhaps the only expert to demonstrate a call off and a guard and bark in front of a jury.

Our Experts

Your Expert Witness

Michael Reaver
Current Expert

Michael Reaver

President · Lead Expert Witness

Now leading Adlerhorst expert witness services. Working with police K9s since 1993, U.S. Army veteran, and former full-time trainer for a U.S. Army special mission counterterror unit.

  • Selects and sources police and military working dogs for agencies and tier one units worldwide
  • Deep knowledge of canine behavior and training methods for police and military dogs
  • Thorough understanding of the legal and ethical use of police K9s
View full career below
David Reaver

David Reaver

Founder · Retired

Founded Adlerhorst in 1976 and built its court record as the first expert retained in the use and training of police service dogs. Now retired, his work set the standard Michael carries forward.

  • Expert witness for nearly five decades
  • Retained in over 75 cases
  • Retained in Ninth Circuit case law decisions Vera Cruz v Escondido and Lowry v San Diego
Michael Reaver · Career

Michael Reaver · Career

1993

Police K9 Training and Early Career

Began working with police K9s in 1993

Completed basic narcotics detection and basic patrol courses at the Adlerhorst K9 Academy at age 15

1997 to 2004

United States Army

Deployed to Kosovo as an Infantry Fire Team Leader (2000)

Deployed to Iraq as an Infantry Squad Leader (2004)

2005 to 2007

K9 Explosive Detection Trainer, Adlerhorst

Assisted with detection and basic patrol courses

Worked with handlers and agencies across the country

2007 to 2008

Innovative Explosive Detection Training

Built an explosive detection method for a large airport police department, still in use

Several K9 procurement trips to Europe

2008 to 2010

Guest K9 Trainer, U.S. Army Special Missions Unit

Prepared dogs and handlers for the global war on terror

Helped train the first K9 teams for the FBI Hostage Rescue Team and United Kingdom Special Air Service

2010 to 2016

Basic Handler Courses for Special Operations

Instructed Ranger and Special Forces battalions plus Canadian and German special operations forces

Trained K9 Cairo and his handler from Operation Neptune Spear

2011 to 2016

Full-Time Trainer, U.S. Army Special Mission Counterterror Unit

Procured and trained Combat Assault Dogs

Deployed to Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria; advised the unit Judge Advocate General on dog use under the Geneva Convention

2016 to Present

President, Adlerhorst International

Travels to Europe six times a year to select dogs

Lead instructor for the basic handler course; about 70 K9 teams trained each year

Court Record

Qualified in Superior and Federal Courts

Court qualified as an expert on dog behavior, training and deployment of police service dogs, detection dogs and privately owned dogs, with additional qualification as a dog bite expert.

CaliforniaOregonWashingtonIdahoArizonaNew MexicoKansas

Ninth Circuit Case Law

The Ninth Circuit has created case law in three canine cases. It is considered the most hostile circuit toward law enforcement, yet it is the only circuit with positive canine cases leading to case law.

Vera Cruz v EscondidoRuled in our favor
Lowry v San DiegoRuled in our favor
Smith v HemetAdlerhorst not retained

Ninth Circuit Appeals

Retained or consulted in these cases referred to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Use of a police service dog was deemed acceptable in every one.

  • Duvall v Santa Monica
  • Shannon v City of Costa Mesa
  • Brooks v City of Santa Ana
  • Quintanilla v City of Downey
  • Jetton v City of Downey
  • Martineau v City of Cypress
  • Vera Cruz v City of Escondido
  • Parra v City of Chino
  • Chrysler v City of West Covina
  • Kish v City of Santa Monica
  • Sebulsky v City of Riverside
  • Sorchini v City of Covina
  • Viehmeyer v City of Santa Ana
  • Lowry v City of San Diego

Selected Cases

A partial list of cases in which Adlerhorst has been designated as an expert, including pending and settled cases.

YearCaseCourt
2013State of California v HerringSuperior Court, Los Angeles
2015Vega v RiversideU.S. Federal Court, Riverside
2015Casey v Kern CountyU.S. Federal Court, Fresno
2015Garlick v Kern CountyU.S. Federal Court, Fresno
2016Ali Alkhafaji v CHPU.S. Federal Court, San Diego
2016Deferraz v City of HemetU.S. Federal Court, Riverside
2016McQuery v San DiegoU.S. Federal Court, San Diego
2017Newman v Fresno CountyU.S. Federal Court, Fresno
2018Koistra v San DiegoU.S. Federal Court, San Diego
2018Reader v Arizona DPSSuperior Court, Maricopa County
2018Cheatum v San DiegoU.S. Federal Court, San Diego
2018Chavarria v DowneyU.S. Federal Court, Los Angeles
2018Rocha v Spokane CountyU.S. Federal Court, Spokane
2018Cash v San DiegoU.S. Federal Court, San Diego
2018Rushing v Butte CountyU.S. Federal Court, Sacramento
2018Judge v LA CountyU.S. Federal Court, Los Angeles
2019People v Alex GeigerSuperior Court, San Luis Obispo
2021Judge v LA CountySuperior Court, Los Angeles

Agencies

Agencies That Have Retained Us

Law enforcement agencies across the western United States have retained Adlerhorst as a court-qualified expert.

  • Albuquerque
  • Anaheim
  • Arizona Department of Public Safety
  • Butte County
  • California Department of Corrections
  • California Highway Patrol
  • Chino
  • Compton
  • Contra Costa County
  • Corona
  • Costa Mesa
  • Covina
  • Culver City
  • Cypress
  • Downey
  • El Monte
  • El Segundo
  • Escondido
  • Eugene, Oregon
  • Fontana
  • Fresno Police Department
  • Fresno Sheriff
  • Fullerton
  • Garden Grove
  • Hemet
  • Huntington Beach
  • Kern County Sheriff
  • King County, Washington
  • Kootenai County, Idaho
  • Lakewood, Washington
  • Long Beach
  • Los Angeles City
  • Los Angeles County Sheriff
  • Mesa, Arizona
  • Orange
  • Pittsburg, California
  • Placentia
  • Riverside Police Department
  • Riverside Sheriff
  • San Diego Police Department
  • San Diego Sheriff
  • San Leandro
  • Santa Ana
  • Santa Monica
  • Scottsdale, Arizona
  • Signal Hill
  • Spokane County, Washington
  • Stanislaus Sheriff
  • Torrance
  • Tustin
  • Visalia

Credentials

Licenses and Certificates

  • California Lifetime Teaching Credential
  • Certified Peace Officer Standards and Training Instructor
  • Peace Officer Standards and Training Evaluator
  • German Kennel Club Certificate of Merit
  • Drug Enforcement Administration Licensed
  • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Licensed

Fees

Expert Witness Fees

Initial Retainer

$3,500

Applies to any work conducted on the case. Due upon designation of the expert witness.

Office Rate

$300 per hour

Document review, report preparation, deposition and courtroom preparation, and telephone consultations.

Examination of K9

$300 per hour

Does not include travel and mileage.

Deposition and Trial Testimony

$450 per hour

Agencies on monthly maintenance training receive 20% off testimony.

Travel

$50 per hour

Plus $0.50 per mile from Jurupa Valley, California. Beyond 50 miles: $350 per day per diem plus hotel.

Agency Discount

20% off

Trial and deposition testimony for agencies currently contracted with Adlerhorst for monthly maintenance training.

Invoices are due within 30 days of the invoice date. A late fee of 10% per annum applies to overdue balances.

Discuss a Potential Case

Call our office or email us to set up a meeting about a case or potential liability.